PINUS SILVESTRIS   English: German: Spanish: Pine - Redpine Kiefer pino silvestre   ANATOMY   Sapwood and heartwood differentiated The heartwood is coloured, pinkish to pinkish brown – deep red brown knots and sometimes veins coloured by the resin The sapwood is light coloured, yellowish, clearly delimited with a less pronounced veining Presence of fine hardly visible resinous canals Timber grain, in general, straight and rectilinear   DURABILITY   The heartwood of the Scots pine is naturally resistant to attack by wood fungi and insects. The sapwood is very subject to blueing and has little durability. Impregnation of the sapwood is very easy, whereas for the heartwood this is very difficult. It is possible to achieve class IV for sawn timbers of Scots pines by means of autoclave impregnation.   DENSITY   this is dependent on the source and the growth conditions   Density at 15 % moisture content (kg/m3)   Majority of the timber Limit value according to source Scots pine 500 - 700 kg/m3 400 - 800 kg/m3   SHRINKAGE   The retractability coefficient gives, as a percentage, the dimensional variation for a variation of one per cent of moisture content.   Tangential coefficient of retractability Radial coefficient of retractability Unit volume coefficient of retractability   (t) in % (r) in % (v) in % Scots pine 0.20 to 0.35 0.10 to 0.20 0.40 to 0.50 Longitudinal shrinkage can be considered as being neglible   THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY   This is the heat flow per m2 through one metre of thickness of the material, for a difference of one degree between the two faces of the material.   Density in kg/m3 Thermal conductivity in W/m°C   350 to 500 0.12 Scots pine 500 to 600 0.15   ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOUR   The speed of propagation of sound in the timber at 15% moisture content     Propagation of sound in m/sec Scots pine longitudinally 4,700 to 5,000 transversally 1,000 to 1,100   BEHAVIOUR TO FIRE   Classification of materials M0 = incombustible M1 = not flammable M2 = burns with difficulty M3 = average flammability M4 = burns easily M5 = highly inflammable Scots pine: thickness greater than / equal to 18 mm = class M3 thickness less than 18 mm = class M4   MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS   Visual classification: ST - III: type of use - traditional framework ST - II: type of use - industrial framework, truss Timber at a moisture content of 12% Strength properties:   ST-III ST-II Bending 8.0 Mpa 10.5 Mpa Compression parallel 8.0 Mpa 9.0 Mpa Tension parallel 5.0 Mpa 6.0 Mpa Longitudinal shear 0.8 Mpa 1.1 Mpa Perpendicular compression 2.0 Mpa 2.3 Mpa Perpendicular tension 0.15 Mpa 0.15 Mpa Conventional deformation modulus:   ST-III ST-II Shear 550 Mpa 690 Mpa Longitudinal, shear force included 10,000 Mpa 11,000 Mpa 1 Mpa = 1 MegaPascal 1 Mpa = approx. 10 kg/cm²